FluentPetFluentPet (Leo Trottier) · 글
soundboard (사운드보드)AIC (Augmentative and Interspecies Communication, 증강 종간 의사소통) 장치muscle memory (근육 기억)를 활용하여 올바른 버튼을 누름AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 보완 대체 의사소통) 장치와 유사한 방식을 채택modeling (모델링) 기법 활용: "outside"라는 단어를 집중적으로 학습시킴modeling 덕분에 Bunny는 "outside" 버튼을 마스터하고 맥락에 맞게 사용함FluentPet 설립자인 Leo Trottier와 협업하여 버튼 시스템 개선cartesian board (직교 좌표형 보드)에서 혁신적인 HexTile 형태로 변형HexTile 시스템의 장점:Kanzi와 그의 자매 Panbanisha가 있음.Sue Savage-Rumbaugh가 이들을 양육하며 lexigram keyboard(렉시그램 키보드)를 통한 의사소통을 가르침.lexigram keyboard는 각각의 단어를 상징하는 기호들이 그려진 판임.Kanzi는 놀고 싶을 때 "chase"(잡기 놀이)나 "hide"(숨바꼭질)와 같은 간단한 요청이나 문장을 만들기 위해 기호를 가리키거나 제스처를 취함.Kanzi는 새로운 요청을 하거나, 단어를 들은 뒤 그에 상응하는 올바른 lexigram을 식별할 수 있게 됨.Bunny의 soundboard(사운드보드)는 사용하기 더 편리해졌지만, 과거의 유사한 시스템들은 Kanzi의 것과 더 유사한 형태였음.Bunny는 정말로 '말'을 하는 것인가? '말한다'는 것은 무엇을 의미하는가?Bunny의 의사소통 능력을 인간과 비교할 수 있는가? Bunny는 언어를 사용하고 있는가?B.F. Skinner는 인간이 positive reinforcement(긍정적 강화)와 환경적 영향력을 통해 언어 능력을 발달시켰다고 주장함.B.F. Skinner는 operant conditioning(조작적 조건 형성)의 가치를 강조함.Noah Chomsky는 B.F. Skinner의 이론에 반대함.Noah Chomsky는 수정(교정)만으로는 가능한 모든 문장의 변형을 학습하는 것이 불가능하다고 지적함.Noah Chomsky는 언어 능력이 외부 영향에서만 올 수 없다고 주장하며, 전 세계의 아이들이 환경적 차이에도 불구하고 유사하게 언어를 발달시키는 사례를 언급함.Noah Chomsky는 인간의 뇌에 언어를 배우는 타고난 생물학적 능력이 포함되어 있다고 믿었으며, 이 이론을 universal grammar(보편 문법)라고 함.American Sign Language(미국 수화)가 진정한 언어로 인정받은 것은 1965년이 되어서야 이루어진 일임.animal cognition(동물 인지) 분야의 의미를 더 명확하게 그려낼 수 있음.Bunny는 University of California, San Diego의 Comparative Cognition Lab(비교 인지 연구소)에서 운영하는 광범위한 연구의 일부임.Bunny의 soundboard는 모니터링 및 기록되고 있으며, button press(버튼 누름)는 추후 검토 및 분석될 예정임.button press가 의도적인 것인지, 그리고 modeling(모델링)이 학습자의 button press에 영향을 미치는지 밝혀내고자 함.Bunny The Talking Dog, The Story of a TikTok Sensation Apr 26, 2022 By David Couillard Who is Bunny the talking dog? Born in 2019, Bunny, or @whataboutbunny on TikTok and Instagram, is a sheepadoodle from Tacoma, Washington, who’s gone viral more than once for her talking dog button videos. You may have seen her express her displeasure with bathtime, love for scritches, and many “existential” questions. What is a dog? What is a human? Bunny wants to know too! How is Bunny able to communicate? Bunny uses a soundboard, an augmentative and interspecies communication (AIC) device, which allows her to activate buttons that “speak” when pressed. Bunny relies on muscle memory to hit the right buttons––much like how we have memorized the keys on our computer keyboard––to get her point across. How did Bunny learn to speak? Alexis Devine, Bunny’s human, has always been fascinated by canine cognition and communication. Inspired by Christina Hunger, a speech-language pathologist who founded the talking dog movement, Alexis also began to teach Bunny how to communicate through a programmable soundboard. Similar Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices are also used to assist people with speech or language impediments. When Bunny was only eight weeks old, Alexis started modeling the word “outside.” Every time they went out the door, Alexis pressed the “outside” button and repeated the word aloud for Bunny. Eventually, the connection was made: the “outside” button meant access to the great outdoors. The frequency of Alexis’ modeling helped Bunny master the “outside” button and understand its contextual use. By 2020, Bunny was stringing together multi-word phrases. Later that year, Alexis met with cognitive scientist and FluentPet founder Leo Trottier to explore an improved button system. One major modification was the transformation from a traditional cartesian board to the innovative HexTile shape. The hexagonal tiles and smaller buttons made the soundboard more accessible to animals of all sizes—it was much now easier for smaller dogs and cats to activate the buttons. There may have been a lot of “play,” “outside,” and “poop” in Bunny’s repertoire, but the ability to use buttons has contributed significantly to Bunny’s quality of life, including her health. In this viral video, Bunny sought help from Alexis by pressing the buttons “ouch,” “stranger,” and “paw.” There’s a brief back-and-forth as Alexis tries to figure out “Where ouch?” before Bunny extends her paw, revealing the painful foxtail thorn between her toes. It’s moments like these that showca
se the trust between Bunny and Alexis. The buttons serve as a tool to better understand one another, and their bond has deepened exponentially as they work together in new ways. You can find a guide to getting started with talking buttons here . Have there been other animals out there like Bunny? Yes—researchers in the 1970s were already examining how chimps, apes, and dolphins could select learned buttons to request, comment, or participate in cognitive studies. One of the most well-known cases of interspecies communication featured Kanzi the bonobo and his sister Panbanisha. Raised by scientist and psychologist Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, Kanzi was taught to communicate through lexigram keyboards. These lexigram keyboards were boards with symbols on them that each represented individual words. Kanzi would point or gesture towards the symbols to put together simple requests or sentences such as “chase” or “hide” when he wanted to play. Over time, Kanzi could make novel requests and identify correct lexigrams after hearing its corresponding word. Sound familiar? While Bunny’s soundboard is easier for us to use today, previous iterations of similar systems appeared more like Kanzi’s. Can Bunny really talk? What does it mean to “talk?” Can we compare Bunny’s ability to communicate to that of humans? Is she using language? In the past, well-known behaviorists such as B.F. Skinner claimed that humans developed the ability to use language through positive reinforcement and environmental influence. He emphasized the value of operant conditioning—or how reward and punishment can lead to learning certain behaviors. Much like how a rat learns that pressing a lever leads to lunchtime, a parent praising their child for good grammar would help lead to language acquisition. However, linguist Noah Chomsky disagreed with Skinner’s theory. Chomsky pointed out that it’s impossible for someone to learn all variations of a possible sentence through correction alone. He argued that the capacity for language couldn’t come exclusively from external influence, citing examples of children around the globe developing language similarly despite differences in environment. Instead, Chomsky believed that humans and their brains contained an inborn, biological ability to learn language. This theory was known as universal grammar. Today, we know many complex biological, behavioral, and environmental factors contribute to our use of language, including interaction, imitation, and genetics. Even now, researchers are still exploring what exactly a language is and how we learn it. It wasn’t eve
n until 1965 that American Sign Language was recognized as a true language! Knowing that our understanding of communication between humans (and animals) is constantly evolving helps us face these questions with an open mind. It’s undeniable that something fascinating is happening, and only by diving deeper into the subject can we paint a clearer picture of what it means for the field of animal cognition. At the moment, Bunny is part of an extensive study run by the University of California, San Diego’s Comparative Cognition Lab. In fact, even while you’re reading this, Bunny’s soundboard is being monitored and recorded so her button presses can be later reviewed and analyzed.Researchers want to determine if these button presses are intentional and whether modeling affects learner button presses. As of 2022, the study has over 3,000 active participants and counting. Want to get involved? Community forums like the How.TheyCanTalk research forum are a great way to meet like-minded individuals passionate about the science behind canine cognition and communication. Learn more about Bunny: our latest interview with Alexis and Bunny . Share Share Reading next New Beginnings in 2022—an Exclusive with Alexis Devine (@whataboutbunny) Apr 4, 2022 Irene Hou Featuring Flint, the French Feline @flintcantalk Jun 29, 2022 Irene Hou 3 comments Leave a comment This site is protected by hCaptcha and the hCaptcha Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Name Email Message Submit