E116: 스테이시 바넷(Stacy Barnett) - 노즈워크의 기본 요소들

And what we're trying to do is actually just take the pressure off of the dog by just letting them hunt for the food. And what that's doing is it's building confidence because that confidence is going to be necessary when or if the dog ever actually goes into competition. Because in competition, the dog has to be able to get to the start line and then search an area that they've never actually seen. So these concepts, a lot of these concepts, we're building a lot of the foundations that have absolutely nothing to do with the odor itself. And just making sure that the dog is comfortable in new environments, making sure that the dog is starting to really build that hunt drive and really feel comfortable kind of putting themselves out there. I go a lot into a routine. Routine is really, really incredibly important for a lot of dogs, especially very sensitive dogs, because routine reduces anxiety, right? It establishes something kind of common and constant for the dogs to be able to kind of rely upon. So when they have that routine, and if you can establish that routine very early on, you're going to reduce stress later on, which is really, you know, really, really major when you're talking, trialing a, you know, a more sensitive dog. The act of actually putting a dog on odor is a little bit of a smaller part. And it's not all that complicated. It's a lot of fun. You know, when we put the dog on odor, we want to have an engaged learner. So what I mean by that is we need a dog that feels comfortable in the environment and comfortable, you know, doing the work and comfortable, you know, making choices. Sometimes, you know, dogs just don't have that level of comfort. And this class is actually very much targeted at developing that degree of comfort so that when, you know, at the end of the class, you know, hopefully the dog is at a position where we can then put them on odor and start the skills aspect of it. So that's really, really kind of what we're covering. We do a lot of acclimation. We have an acclimation approach. And, you know, and part of the class is literally kind of going to new places and acclimating in a very smart, very kind of a structured way. There's that in addition to actually searching for food. So I know there's a bit of a controversy, I guess, around kind of starting dogs by having them find food versus starting them by imprinting directly on scent. I know you mentioned that in the class, you're having them search for food. Can you talk about that? You know, why and how does it kind of carry over to then the approach that FDSA uses for teaching nose work? Yeah, absolutely.

And the thing is, is that, I mean, at FDSA, I mean, you know, we're all about making sure that we have a happy and engaged dog when we train them. We're really about how do we get the dog to that point. And we're all about, you know, making sure that our dogs are confident and they're motivated and they're engaged. Really, this is no different. So honestly, these are just, these are just games. This is just getting the dog out and getting comfortable, you know, seeking out something. It actually engages, it engages the seeking system in the brain and it is the dog, which is really fantastic. You know, it works very well with, with our program because once the dogs come out of this, the handler and actually once the dogs and the handler come out of the class, the handlers have an idea of what their dog looks like when they're in odor. The handler has an idea of this, you know, the, you know, how to, how to handle a little bit. The handler also can understand what arousal state the dog needs to be in. Basically they're primed for being able to go into the next class, which is our NW 101 class, which is where we actually go and we start to layer in the skills. It works very, very well together. I taught this class back in December and we had excellent feedback. People really loved it. And I, dogs do beautifully, you know, moving in from one, one class into the next. And it was, it was really rather seamless. My understanding and kind of what it sounds like you've talked through so far is that you're kind of establishing a game that you can use to teach the skills surrounding nose work before your dog really knows the actual nose work game, stuff like working in the new environment, creating a start line procedure. Am I understanding it right? Yeah. Yeah, you are. You are. Because, you know, we're really getting the dog out there and really kind of seeking something that it wants. You know, if we, you know, if we take, for instance, if we take a, like a sensitive dog or a nervous dog and let's say we, we put them on odor, right? And that dog is still kind of sensitive and nervous. And we ask the dog to search. What happens is the dog gets to odor and then there, there, there's almost like a performance expectation where, you know, the dog has to communicate the presence of odor in order to get the cookie. Sometimes for some of these dogs, that's a whole lot of pressure. Sure. So what we're doing is we're using these games to basically, the dog doesn't have any of that pressure. The dog's just out there to go out and get the cookie. You know, so all of that pressure is actually reduced.

And then we're able to build the dog's confidence and motivation prior to actually putting them on odor. This is absolutely important for some of the soft and sensitive dogs because odor itself, it's so core to, to the emotions in the dog that we can really, you know, get these dogs who are a little bit more insecure and, and we can, we can help them using these games so that they are, that they can be that, that confident dog going forward, right? We can, they can be that engaged learner going forward. These are games I play. I play even with my own dogs, you know, all my own dogs are, they're all seasoned nose work dogs. And I, I'll sometimes play with them. I use cheese balls. I love cheese balls. You know, dogs love them. I love them. And, you know, I'll take a handful of cheese balls and I'll just toss them out there and let them search for the cheese balls. And you know what, honestly, it's just fun, right? It's, it's just a fun thing. So, you know, it's, it's a game. They're just games to, to help the dog and, and to really, really help the dog emotionally. And that's really what it's all about. It's, it's just really helping the emotions of the dog. It sounds like really, it's about almost building a CER for conditioned emotional response for the pieces of nose work that aren't necessarily odor related, which, you know. Exactly. Exactly. That, that's, that is that exactly, because there's so much to it that really, you know, that it's not all about the birch, anus or clove, right? It's, it's really getting the dog out there seeking and seeking out something that it wants. And if we can establish a good feeling about doing that and we can, and we can get the dog comfortable in new environments, you know, once we introduce the odor, the introducing the odor really is the easy part. And then at that point, you know, the dog is really able to leverage a lot of those good feelings that it already feels in, in other ways. You know, not, the thing is not all dogs need to do this, right? And that's the other thing I just want to mention. I know I'm talking about, you know, searching with food and everything. This is all about building that confidence and that motivation. And some dogs just don't come to the table naturally with that. Some dogs, you know, I, Brava, my puppy, right? Well, puppy, she's two years old. You know, she came with confidence and motivation at the ears. I mean, she's just, she just exudes confidence and motivation. So honestly, it was so easy. You just put her on odor and boom, you have a nose work dog, right? Well, I mean, well, it's not that easy.

I mean, there's a little bit of training in there. A lot of times you have dogs that just don't come ready, you know, like, Hey, just give me odor. I'm going to go out and seek it. You know, a lot of times dogs really have to develop that. And then you also have some dogs. So you can have dogs that might have some confidence issues like insecure dogs. You also could have dogs that maybe don't have a lot of natural hunt drive. And that's natural too. I mean, you know, we were, these dogs are domesticated, right? It doesn't mean they have a natural, natural hunt drive to go out there and look for something. By doing these searching for food games. And again, this is almost, this is actually very separate from nose work in some ways because, well, very separate from searching for target odor anyway. Because you can play these games with any dog. It gets that dog, it stimulates that hunt drive that's deep down inside the dog and bringing that out in the dog. So, you know, which is very pleasurable for the dogs. This is actually a very fun thing for these dogs to do, you know, and whether or not, you know, you're, you even want to put your dog on odor. I mean, this is actually good for really any dog. I mean, it's great because I'm saying, yeah, go into nose work after this, but you know, you don't have, you don't have to, right? You can just play the games and they're just confidence building for, for any dog that you have. I mean, whether it's, you have a new dog, you have a puppy, you have an older dog, you know, you have, you have a dog that's, you know, maybe sitting on the couch and not doing anything and maybe kind of bored and you just want to do something that's kind of fun and it's not going to really cost, it's not going to cost you any money other than entering the class, you know, just go out there and, and, and it's enrichment, you know, and that's really what this is about. But we, we give in this class, at least we give the student a lot more tools than, than just going out and hunting for food, right? It's not just about, Oh, well, no, we're just going to have you look for food. You know, it's all about establishing all those other pieces that, you know, if you want to move on into competition, you're going to need these pieces. And especially, it's especially important for, for these sensitive dogs. You know, why my miniature American shepherd, he's, he's an extraordinarily sensitive dog and it's taken quite a few years. Um, he, he just now recently got his NW2. When I started with nose work with him and I trained him a lot at home, he was doing beautifully.

He was doing all kinds of, you know, converging odor and stuff in the house. And I mean, he was amazing. Um, I take him outside. He couldn't even search three boxes away from home. Right. So we had to move from that to the point where, uh, where he got his NW2 just recently and which he was overall pronounced. I got, I have to say that I'm really proud of him. We had to get through that. And, you know, through a lot of, through that journey, I've, you know, there's a whole lot there that, that he's taught me in, in terms of handling, um, a low confidence dog. And, and I think honestly, there, there's a whole lot that can be done even before you put the dog on odor just to help the dog, um, develop some of these, um, you know, just even the routine routine is so important. I can't, I can't even stress that enough. When Y goes to a trial, I mean, everything is routine from, you know, when I pull into the trial site to what I do, um, you know, getting him out of the car to all the way to how I bring him back to the van, when I do my party with him, everything's routine. And these are some of the things that I want to be able to talk about, um, in this class, just to give people the, you know, the tools that they need so that they can take a dog who may not have a natural level of confidence or motivation and be able to turn that dog into, into a successful nose work dog if that's what they want to do. And, you know, go out there and, and really enjoy this tremendous sport. Uh, with, with the dog and, and I promise you what you will find is that your dog will blossom. I have never seen why so happy is when he, he's done with the search and he knows he's, he's found all the hides and he's so excited and he's just, he gets these happy ears on, right. They kind of turn backwards and he's just kind of like, he's really happy ears. It's really cute. Um, and then we go on back into the van and he just has this party and it's just, it's just amazing. And, and I guess that's what I want to do is I want to, I want to share that with people who might have, there's a lot of insecure dogs out there. There's a lot of dogs that are sensitive, a lot of dogs that are shy. I want to share the sport with them. And I want people to really, you know, see why, why the sport is, is just so amazing and why the sport is growing so rapidly. It really is an amazing thing for dogs. And I know we've gone off, off, um, script a little bit, but I just really felt like I had to say that, you know, I don't know. I mean, I'm just so passionate about this and I want to help those dogs.

There's so much that we can do for the dogs, even before we put them on odor. There are so many different ways for getting a dog in those work and, you know, and they all work. But I think what's important is that you decide what your dog is about and you follow the path that you need to for your dog, for your individual dog and what they need. And what this class actually does is it provides, um, an option for students who, who have those, those dogs that need a little bit, um, you know, more confidence building and, and, and really need a little bit more care and setting them up for success. And that's what this class is about. This class just makes so much sense with like all of the other things that I know that you teach and are passionate about, because it's like, I know you talk a lot about being in the right arousal state and, and all of those pieces when it comes to competing. And it really seems like it kind of, you know, pulls out that piece of the competition and takes like, okay, yes, you can teach your dog how to identify odor in a known environment, but it takes and kind of pulls that out and generalizes all the other things around it so that the dog has an easier time doing that piece and actually finding the odor because then they're in the right brain space. They understand the expectations. They know their start line routine. You know, they kind of have all those other pieces in place. Yes. Yes. Big yes. Yeah. Yeah. That's it. Exactly. That's it. Exactly. And that's why I'm so excited about this. Yes. Yes. Just a lot. Big yes. Yeah. All right. So nose work, I feel like it's kind of reaching that point where it's no longer up and coming. It's kind of there. Right. But for a long time, it was kind of an up and coming sport and kind of in the past, I think a lot of people probably got it, got into nose work with a dog maybe they had originally gotten for a different sport or, you know, it was a retired dog or a dog that, you know, maybe didn't have the confidence to do obedience or, you know, kind of what have you. And, you know, that dog at least had some training experience under their belt. They maybe even had some trialing experience under their belt. So maybe those other pieces, they kind of knew that, but it seems more and more people are getting dogs with nose work in mind as their, you know, first sport or only sport or primary sport. So do you think these skills are more important today maybe than when the sport was just getting started because people are doing that? They don't have, their dogs don't have those other skills from those other sports? You know, I don't know.

Cause I think, honestly, I think people come to nose work really from two different directions, right? So you do have a huge amount of people coming in from other sports and really coming in because, you know, maybe they have the older agility dog or their dog can't jump anymore, or they're looking for something else for their dog, or maybe in some cases their dog is injured and, and they, they can't do the sport that they, that they want to anymore, or they need something to do kind of during the layup period. And then they get hooked, right? And then they start putting all their other dogs in the nose work because they find out how fun this is. Then you have a whole other set of people that come in and nose work is kind of their gateway sport, right? Is their first sport that they do with dog sports. There's a huge amount of people that come in also from that side. And I don't know if, and you know, they're, they're kind of, you know, maybe, you know, people who have never done dog sports before. So they might not necessarily know exactly what goes into what's necessary to prepare a dog to trial. There's so much more to that than just finding a hide. You know, I talk to people a lot about actually finding the hide is the least important part of a nose work trial, which sounds really funny. If you get all these other things in place and you bring your dog who's engaged and focused to the line, you're going to find the hide. You know, you don't, you don't have to worry about finding the hide, finding, you know, the finding the hide should be the least of your worries, right? So it's all the other stuff. I don't know if that's actually changed over time or honestly, I think the nose work folks have become a lot more sophisticated recently. Um, you're, you're seeing a lot more, um, you know, cutting edge or I don't know if it's cutting edge, but more, more progressive types of thoughts coming into, into training and everything. And, um, I don't know if it's, if the skills are more important now or if we're just focusing on them more, you know, maybe it's, it's just becoming more obvious to us. Maybe it's more of that than whether or not it's, it's, it's more important, but, um, we do see there's a huge, you know, huge growth. It's still going through a huge growth. I'm actually in Europe right now. It's late. Uh, and I'm teaching, uh, over here for, for about four weeks, um, out in Scandinavia. Nose work is a lot newer here. Um, so it's really kind of cool to see actually to see people kind of going through kind of the

same, the same process that, that, that we did in the U S and, but at the same time, you know, you're, you're still seeing, uh, it's the same type of evolution. And in the U S it's, it's growing rapidly with the addition of, uh, AKC scent work. You know, you have a lot more people coming into the sport that may not have gotten into the sport to begin with. And there's a lot more opportunities for trialing. It's just, it's just exploding. Um, you know, different organizations. I mean, there, you can trial, you can trial every weekend if you want. Um, you know, just going to different organizations. I mean, we used to be limited by the amount of trials that were available and wait lists and everything. And, you know, there's still wait lists and everything for, for some, some venues, but you know, we're not, we're not currently limited to that anymore. And, um, sport is exploding. So I don't know if you're seeing a difference in demographics or if you're just seeing the fact that there's just more people out there. Um, and, and so this class really, it speaks to a lot of the, a lot of the dog folks that may, um, you know, especially the people coming in, uh, maybe this is their gateway sport. Maybe, um, maybe they had, um, a dog that didn't need, um, as much preparation for trialing in terms of, um, you know, getting the dog confident and motivated, helping, you know, understanding arousal, understanding routine, understanding start lines, understanding, you know, all of that stuff. Um, cause it's so much more than just what harness the dog is wearing. Sometimes people think, oh, well, if I put on my nose work harness, my dog knows exactly what they're doing. Well, yeah, sort of, you know, like they, they kind of like, okay, well they get the idea, but it's more the physical routine that you go through and the setting them up on the start line and in your body position and your voice and you know, everything. And all of this comes together into a total contextual cue for the dog to start to, to get into the mindset for searching. Um, and, and that's really kind of, kind of what we're talking about, you know, and, and that part's actually kind of cool. And I love, I actually love working on, on that part of it with people. You mentioned competing in different venues, different weekends. Are the rules between the different venues, uh, you know, not as nose work as a person who doesn't do nose work, you know, are they similar enough that you can really just have taught your dog the sport and then go kind of compete in all the different things? Yeah, basically.

I mean, what you're going to find is, uh, some of the venues have different games, you know, some of like the smaller venues, uh, might have different games. They're really fun to play. Um, you just have to kind of learn the rules, but most of the venues, um, at least in the U S use the same odors, at least in the beginning. And, and honestly, even if they don't use the same odor. So, so for instance, I go over to Canada and I compete in Canada and it's a lot of fun. Um, their rules are a little bit different, but honestly, nose work is nose work. So, you know, all I have to do is get my dog on different odors, which, which honestly is very easy. So I have the opportunity. Honestly, I go to Canada. I go all over the U S I compete. I've had to limit my, um, my venues that I compete in just cause I just don't have time to compete in all of them. Fair enough. Yeah. So, so I usually do, I do SDDA in Canada and I do, um, NACSW and I do AKC. And that, that's kind of, kind of where I limit myself only at a time. But if I, if I had unlimited time, which I mean, if I wasn't over, I mean, you know, traveling and all that kind of stuff, but if I had unlimited time and funds, you could do it every weekend if you wanted to. And which is, which is new, right? We didn't always have that opportunity in nose work. But yeah, basically, you know, if you're talking about side of search, you need to just get them on odor. You can go to all these different venues. Just make sure you read the rules because the rules may be a little bit different, you know? So I'm serious. Like, like there are some substantive rules, rule differences, but not, but the, the, the basic act of searching is the same, you know, and, and most of the orders are actually the same. So it's no big deal. To shift gears a little bit and go back to talking about the class for a minute, you kind of mentioned sensitive dogs, um, but we didn't really talk a whole lot about puppies specifically. So is everything in the class, you know, safe or appropriate even for a puppy or really young dog? Absolutely. Absolutely. And, and honestly, this, this class is actually super geared. Um, it's perfect for puppies. You know, some puppies, uh, like I said, you know, or brava, my two-year-old came out of the womb confident and motivated. Right. She, she was like ready to do nose work from, from the time I brought her home. But, you know, a lot of puppies may be, maybe a little bit more tentative. And honestly, this is a, this is a really great class to get puppies out kind of exploring, kind of seeking out their environment. And so it's a wonderful enrichment for them.

It's very safe. And we just use, you know, we use our food, right? We're, we're not, um, and we're not exposing them to anything that's scary, which is very important. Especially if you have a young dog who might be going through some fear periods or something like that. Um, it's perfectly appropriate for that. As a matter of fact, if you're, if, if your dog is already on odor and your dog goes into a fear period, you might want to actually switch off of odor and go to searching for food for a little while and then go back onto odor after the fear period's over. Just a thought. It's definitely perfect for, for puppies and young adults. The blog post I kind of mentioned in the beginning, and I know we've talked a little bit about, um, you know, sensitive dogs kind of threw out. I want to go back to that for a minute. I know you're a huge believer in nose work in general to just build confidence in dogs. We've talked a little bit already kind of about how this class helps you with that, but can you get into that a little more? How do the games in this class really build confidence and why is it, you know, such a good fit for a more sensitive dog? Yeah. And, and honestly, um, one of the great things about it is you get to do it at home. Uh, you know, cause it's, it's an online class and your dog is most comfortable at home. You know, your dog doesn't have to go into a, you know, a new classroom environment, have to deal with other dogs, have to deal with maybe dogs barking or anything like that. Um, which is really nice. And so you're, you're able to get the dog, um, engaging their seeking system, um, which is, you know, the, the part of the brain, it's, it's very soothing for the dog, right? It actually lowers the dog's anxiety. The games, uh, actually get the dog in the home. They can start looking for food. Honestly, like I said, I use cheese balls a lot. Um, I like them because partially they're visible. So they get the dog kind of understanding what's out there and then, and they're kind of smelly. So you can kind of hide them in places and, um, and they can, they can seek, seek those out and everything. Um, but the dog starts to really kind of engage with, uh, engage with their environment. Um, which, which is perfect. And then at the same time we teach the, the, um, the handlers, especially if they have those insecure or less confident dogs, how to take their dog into a new environment. Cause it's not about just taking them out there and trying to set a hide or asking them to search. You know, a lot of times, so I do, um, I do a lot of acclimation with folks and this class has a

lot of acclimation in it where we have the person actually go to the environment. They're not searching. They're just doing acclimation in a very systematic way so that the, so that the dog can really understand, um, that the environment is okay. And we do it in very small pieces. So we're not taking the dog out for a long walk or something like that. We're literally just letting the dog get used to, um, get used to the environment. Um, and then when the dog is getting into the point where, where there, that becomes a little bit more routine, then we start to introduce, um, searching for food in those environments after the acclimation has happened. And, um, by doing that, we are separating out the acclimation from the search, which is really important because a lot of times I see, um, I see new teams who might not have done a lot of the trial preparation that you need kind of come to, come to the search. And instead of the dog actually leaving the start line and searching out odor immediately, they're kind of sniffing the ground and they're kind of wandering around. And what they're doing is they're actually acclimating to the area. They're not searching yet because sniffing doesn't necessarily mean searching, you know, sniffing is sniffing, searching is searching. They're two different things. So the dog comes in and they acclimate and then potentially they, they, they get into searching and they may or may not find the height. So by doing this approach that we're talking about and doing the acclimation ahead of time, we're actually getting, we're separating the acclimation from the search. So what happens is the dog learns how to acclimate. And then we take the dog and the dog gets into a habit of once you get on the start line, because we start start lines very soon. Once you get on the start line, you go immediately into searching. That way we get into the habit of going immediately into the searching rather than, the habit of acclimating in the area after they leave the start line. If we have somebody who is listening and who is interested, but there may be feeling a little impatient. June 1st is still a few days off. Actually, this will go up on Friday. So June 1st will be like the next day or so. So they want to very long to wait, but can you talk us through a game or an example of a skill they can kind of practice, you know, right after hearing this, you know, while they're waiting for class to start? Totally, totally. What you can do is I use, I use bowls, by the way, I don't use cardboard boxes. I know a lot of people use cardboard boxes with food, but I use plastic bowls or I know

some people actually, I was talking to somebody today, he uses like plastic baskets because basically I don't want the dog to, to start to interact with cardboard in a, in a negative, well, not a negative manner, but I'm talking like an active manner because later on, we don't want to worry about box smashing. So you can actually, like a, like a plastic bowl or something, just make sure it's not glass. Plastic is best, like a Tupperware. And what you do is you can put the, put, put a treat in the bowl and put that bowl out ahead so your dog kind of sees it. Okay. Your dog is going to visually lock on that and start to realize, and if you release your dog from a position, well, you can call it the start line. It's not really a start line yet, but if you release your dog, they're going to, they're going to go to the bowl and eat the cookie. Then what you can do is you can start moving that bowl around so that they start looking for the bowl. That's one game that you can start. And we have, we have a number of games and they kind of go in order, but, but that's one that you can start. So they're starting to look for that bowl and that bowl is going to be the contextual cue that there's going to be a cookie in there. And you can kind of move that bowl around, around the room a little bit, you know, maybe put it behind a chair or put it behind a, behind a, a box or put, you know, something like that, or, or, you know, behind the, the, the coffee table or something, just try not to make it too terribly difficult, especially in the beginning. What you're going to do is that you're going to find that, that, that the dog's going to start to start to use their nose to start. There are going to also use their eyes by the way, because dogs do actually, they search with their nose and their eyes. Dogs do. It's not just their noses. So they're going to use their eyes initially, but you know, then at that point, we also start to wean them off of the bowl where they're just looking, just looking for the cookie, but this is a good way to just kind of get them started out and, and looking, looking for the food. Yeah. Awesome. So I've got one last question here and it's a question I've taken to asking everyone at kind of the end of the podcast. So what's a lesson that you've learned or been reminded of recently when it comes to dog training? You know, I really think there's so many lessons and I think what, what the biggest one recently that, that I've been noticing and again, I've been working with a lot of teams just recently and the emotions of the dog, it, it is so critical and, and training

for the emotions of the dog and thinking about what you're training and what the dog is emotionally capable of giving you. I think that that's absolutely huge because you need, you need a dog that, that is capable of giving you what you're looking for. You know, I think sometimes, you know, we, we have like a, a criteria that we're trying to, trying to get toward and maybe the dog's not emotionally ready to give that to us. So watching the dogs, you know, you don't want a dog that's frustrated. You don't want a dog that, that, that's, that's getting, you know, feeling anxiety. So just paying attention to your dog's emotional needs and, and, and modifying your, your training plan according to those emotional, emotional needs is really, really important. Awesome. Well, thank you so much for coming back on the podcast, Stacey. Well, thank you so much. I've really enjoyed this. And, and I'm so glad, so glad that we got to do this. And, and I, I hope everybody enjoyed the podcast. So thank you so much. I mean, I'm glad we got to work it out too, with you being over there. The time difference is pretty severe. So it's like quarter of midnight right now. Dedication lady. I'm telling you, it's okay. We're, I've got another day of another day of coaching tomorrow and then I'm off to Norway. So, um, yeah, it's pretty exciting. It's pretty cool. I love this stuff. Well, thanks again and, uh, safe travels. Thank you. And, and thanks to all of our listeners for tuning in and we'll be back next week. This time with Loretta Mueller to talk about how to improve your timing and training. If you haven't already subscribed to our podcast in iTunes or the podcast app of your choice to have our next episode automatically downloaded to your phone as soon as it becomes available. Today's show is brought to you by the Fenzie Dog Sports Academy. Special thanks to Denise Fenzie for supporting this podcast. Music provided royalty free by bensound.com. The track featured here is called Buddy. Audio editing provided by Chris Lang. Thanks again for tuning in and happy training. Thank you.